產(chǎn)品詳情
也就是說,伺服閥的主閥是靠前置級閥的輸出壓力來控制的,而前置級閥的壓力則來自于伺服閥的入口p,假如p口的壓力不足,前置級閥就不能輸出足夠的壓力來推動主閥芯動作。
而我們知道,當負載為零的時候,如果四通滑閥完全打開,p口壓力=t口壓力+閥口壓力損失(忽略油路上的其它壓力損失),如果閥口壓力損失很小,t口壓力又為零,那么p口的壓力就不足以供給前置級閥來推動主閥芯,整個伺服閥就失效了。所以伺服閥的閥口做得偏小,即使在閥口全開的情況下,也要有一定的壓力損失,來維持前置級閥的正常工作。
伺服閥其實缺點極多:能耗浪費大、容易出故障、抗污染能力差、價格昂貴等等等等,好處只有一個:動態(tài)性能是所有液壓閥中最gao的。就憑著這一個優(yōu)點,在很多對動態(tài)特性要求高的場合不得不使用伺服閥,如飛機火箭的舵機控制、汽輪機調(diào)速等等。動態(tài)要求低一點的,基本上都是比例閥的天下了。
一般說來,好像伺服系統(tǒng)都是閉環(huán)控制,比例閥多用于開環(huán)控制;其次比例閥類型要多,有比例壓力、流量控制閥等,控制比伺服要靈活一些。從他們內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)看,伺服閥多是零遮蓋,比例閥則有一定的死區(qū),控制精度要低,響應要慢。但從發(fā)展趨勢看,特別在比例方向流量控制閥和伺服閥方面,兩者性能差別逐漸在縮小,另外比例閥的成本比伺服閥要低許多,抗污染能力也強!伺服閥與比例閥的區(qū)別
伺服閥與比例閥之間的差別并沒有嚴格的規(guī)定,因為比例閥的性能越來越好,逐漸向伺服閥靠近,所以近些年出現(xiàn)了比例伺服閥。
比例閥和伺服閥的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾點:
1.驅(qū)動裝置不同。比例閥的驅(qū)動裝置是比例電磁鐵;伺服閥的驅(qū)動裝置是力馬達或力矩馬達;
2.性能參數(shù)不同。滯環(huán)、中位死區(qū)、頻寬、過濾精度等特性不同,因此應用場合不同,伺服閥和伺服比例閥主要應用在閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng),其它結(jié)構(gòu)的比例閥主要應用在開環(huán)控系統(tǒng)及閉環(huán)速度控制系統(tǒng);
2.1 伺服閥中位沒有死區(qū),比例閥有中位死區(qū);
2.2 伺服閥的頻響(響應頻率)更高,可以高達200Hz左右,比例閥一般最gao幾十Hz;
2.3 伺服閥對液壓油液的要求更高,需要經(jīng)過濾才行,否則容易堵塞,比例閥要求低一些;
3.閥芯結(jié)構(gòu)及加工精度不同。比例閥采用閥芯+閥體結(jié)構(gòu),閥體兼作閥套。伺服閥和伺服比例閥采用閥芯+閥套的結(jié)構(gòu)。
4.中位機能種類不同。比例換向閥具有與普通換向閥相似的中位機能,而伺服閥中位機能只有O型(Rexroth產(chǎn)品的E型)。
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